Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations stands as one of the most profound expressions of Stoic philosophy, composed privately by a Roman emperor seeking moral clarity amid war, plague, and political duty. Written in Greek as a series of self-addressed reflections, the work … Read More
We use “know” constantly—I know the way, she knows the answer, we know smoking causes cancer. But what turns a confident belief into knowledge? Philosophers call this the epistemic question. Below is a compact tour of the main ideas and … Read More
© 2025 Nicolae Sfetcu Sfetcu, Nicolae (2025). ”Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland – Philosophical Perspectives”, în Index Academic, I 2025, DOI: 10.58679/IA55823 PDF: https://www.indexacademic.ro/pdf/alices-adventures-in-wonderland-philosophical-perspectives/ HTML: https://www.telework.ro/en/alices-adventures-in-wonderland-philosophical-perspectives/ Contents Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland – Philosophical Perspectives. 1 Abstract 2 Introduction. … Read More
© 2025 Nicolae Sfetcu Sfetcu, Nicolae (2025). ” Determinism, Chaos, and Leadership: Re-examining Tolstoy’s War and Peace Through Modern Geopolitical Realities”, în Index Academic, I 2025, DOI: 10.58679/IA26426 PDF: https://www.indexacademic.ro/pdf/determinism-chaos-and-leadership-re-examining-tolstoys-war-and-peace-through-modern-geopolitical-realities/ HTML: Contents Determinism, Chaos, and Leadership: Re-examining … Read More
In the second current the spirit of free examination of the Reformation is maintained; but even this free examination is only made, in the intention of those who defend it, to gradually suppress, by an independent criticism, all that Bossuet … Read More
The controversy over the Eucharist, which took place in the middle of the 11th century, also called into question the scope of dialectics. Paschaeus Radbert (died around 860) had taught that, in the consecration, “by the power of the Spirit, … Read More
To the doctrines which realize historical forces, such as “the spirit of the people”, the nation, the race, humanity, there corresponds a philosophy of nature which sees in nature and natural forces a stable and permanent reality; here again unity … Read More
What are the current philosophical opinions around 1880? We see only defenses, negations, reductions that annihilate being and intellectual or moral values; the Spencerian prohibition that stops the mind at the barrier of the unknowable, and which thinks to expel … Read More
Duns Scotus also seems to abandon the principle of universal analogy which, for Bonaventure and even for Saint Thomas, was the great driving force of continuity. By declaring that Being has a univocal and not equivocal meaning with regard to … Read More
World Philosophy Day, celebrated annually on the third Thursday of November, is a global recognition of the enduring value of philosophy in shaping human thought, ethics and society. Established by UNESCO in 2002, the day serves as an opportunity to … Read More
What interests the history of philosophy is less dialectic as an art of discussion than the use we try to make of it to arrive at a conception of reality. To clarify, let us recall that Boethius’ collection posed several … Read More
One of the most characteristic productions of the century is De jure belli et pacis (1625) by Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), the author of the doctrine of the law of nature, which claims to find universal rules and obligatory for all … Read More
