Historicity of reason With the Phenomenology of Spirit, Hegel put forward the historicity of a reason which develops its forms through the history of the world. The Hegelian discovery is the historical character of reason, and this awareness of historicity … Read More
The inquiry theory The inquiry as fixation of belief in Peirce In The Fixation of Belief (1877), Peirce thinks of inquiry not as the pursuit of truth per se, but as a struggle to move from irritating and inhibiting doubt … Read More
An original conception of philosophy For several reasons, pragmatism has long passed, especially in Europe, for a non-philosophy or for an “American redneck”. First of all, pragmatism is an active philosophy that does not seek truth through intellectualism alone. Its … Read More
Schelling and the “philosophy of identity” (Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling.) At the very end of the 18th century, Friedrich W. J. Schelling, a young German philosopher claiming to be first of Fichte, wrote a series of works which influenced … Read More
The plurality of disciplines involved in structuralism and the methodologies used reflects the heterogeneous nature of the classic definition of it, and some authors (such as Jean Piaget in psychology) prefer to insert structuralism into a long-term history of scientific … Read More
Critics of economists Economics has undergone a paradigm shift since the end of the 19th century with the triumph of neoclassical theory. This introduced a break with the classical national economy on which Marx’s analysis was based and which consists … Read More
Consequentialism has been criticized on several counts. For Moore, in Principia Ethica, consequentialism, or at least classical utilitarianism (which, let us recall, defines the moral good as the maximum of pleasures associated with the minimum of pains), falls into naturalistic … Read More
German Idealism takes from Kant the idea of a “Reason” master of the totality of being (God, world and man), which works to expose the coherence of Nature (or world). This mastery implies the autonomy and self-foundation of Reason vis-à-vis … Read More
One can distinguish during the modern period preceding Kant two antagonistic forms of idealism: a rationalist idealism and an empiricist idealism. The first, oriented towards the concepts of reason, developed essentially between the middle of the 17th century, after René … Read More
Marx, observer of the evolution of human societies The concept of social class was not invented by Karl Marx. It was used by the founders of political economy (Adam Smith…) and in the tradition of French political history (Alexis de … Read More
(For simplicity, Plato’s idealism is often contrasted with Aristotle’s alleged empiricism, as evidenced by the gesture of each of the two philosophers in this detail of a fresco by Raphael.) In 1702, the German philosopher Leibniz coined the term idealism … Read More
The building of the essence Atheistic existentialism declares that there is a being which cannot be defined before its existence, and that this being is precisely the human being, the Dasein (Da = there and sein = being, this means … Read More
