In philosophy, naturalism is the conception that everything that exists – objects and events – can be explained by natural causes or principles. Extending all forms of transcendence, naturalism conceives of philosophical activity as an extension of scientific activity. Naturalism … Read More
As a result of the controversies over alternative medicine, the medical school through his dean suspended its university diploma of homeopathy for the beginning academic year in expectation of the position of the Haute Autorité de Santé (High Authority of … Read More
Origins of the theory Francis Bacon’s model According to the English philosopher Francis Bacon, it is the observations and experiences that give us access to the real, and the theory follows from generalized induction. For Bacon, the construction of theories … Read More
(An image generated using an evolutionary algorithm) Evolutionary art is a form of generative art in which works of art from the visual arts, music and performing arts are created using evolutionary algorithms. Evolutionary algorithms are methods for solving optimization problems using the principles of natural evolution. By conceiving of artistic processes as an optimization, can be … Read More
(A typical tape measure with both metric and imperial units and two US pennies for comparison) Physical measurement is the action of determining the value or values of a quantity (length, capacity, etc.) by comparison with a constant quantity of … Read More
The refutation of the animal-machine hypothesis can be made by the comparison between the organization of machines and living beings. For this it is possible to rely on the definition of living being developed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Lamarck notes that … Read More
(Thermal power station and wind turbines, Peine, Lower Saxony, Germany.) The reality of risk and the phenomenon is now almost consensus. The author of the Stern report, Nicholas Stern, in 2006, himself admitted to having underestimated the scale of the … Read More
In philosophy, more specifically in theology, the problem of Evil is the question of how to reconcile the existence of evil with that of an omniscient, omnipotent, and good God. Presentation of the problem Two forms of the problem of … Read More
Access to the Arctic Ocean A decrease in Arctic polar ice has opened up new trade routes for ships, and would make undersea resources of oil or raw materials accessible, but with adverse consequences for many species, such as plankton … Read More
Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that studies observable behavior and analysis it as a process within the environment and as the history of the individual’s interactions with his environment. Behaviorism is based on experimentation and scientific measurement. It aims … Read More
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