Chinese aesthetics (Buddhist temple in the mountains, old copy after Li Cheng.) Chinese art has a long history of evolving styles and designs. In ancient times, philosophers were already discussing aesthetics. Confucius (551-478 BCE) emphasized the role of arts and … Read More
(In Ned Block’s thought experiment, each member of the Chinese population performs the same functions as a neuron in the brain. he population of China is 1.4×109 people, while a human brain is estimated to have ≈1011 neurons. ) The … Read More
Bayesian reasoning Bayesian reasoning is a method based on inferences. This reasoning builds from observations a probability of the cause of a given event. The adjective “Bayesian” comes from British mathematician Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). It is him who formulated Bayes’ … Read More
It is the publisher who directs the entire production process of a book and, often, who also establishes the financial program integrating the expected costs and the expected profits, as in any business. The editorial manager must call on collaborators … Read More
Husserl’s idea of phenomenology Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology is first defined as a transcendental science that seeks to bring to light the universal structures of objectivity. The first objective pursued was to ensure an indubitable foundation for the sciences and for … Read More
A brief introduction to the subquantum regime, where the origination of all the observable events and processes of tour physical world can be found. Descending along the scale supplied by the divisibility of Quanta toward increasingly fine structures bearing fractional … Read More
Inability of citizens to govern, ignorance and inexperience of the masses Plato was the first to develop an important analysis and theory aimed at denouncing democracy, in this case the Athenian democracy, in which he lived. His criticism therefore does … Read More
Animal interests The philosopher Raymond Frey, in disagreement with Peter Singer, nevertheless places himself like the latter within the framework of the utilitarianism of preferences. In Interests and Rights (1980), Frey postulates that animals have no interests. Indeed, according to … Read More
Metaphysical and logical arguments The existence of God is unverifiable and therefore meaningless According to the verificationist theory of meaning, the meaning of an utterance is determined by its conditions of verification. But God is not a being whose existence … Read More
Plato and the theory of Ideas (Platonic allegory of the Line, describing all the major epistemological (left) and ontological (right) divisions between the sensible and the intelligible. ) Plato is, in the fourth century BC, the first European philosopher to … Read More
Critics of economists Economics has undergone a paradigm shift since the end of the 19th century with the triumph of neoclassical theory. This introduced a break with the classical national economy on which Marx’s analysis was based and which consists … Read More
Propositional calculus has several different ways to “validate” propositions: deduction systems that demonstrate theorems and semantic methods that define tautologies. The question that arises is whether these methods coincide. Decidability, coherence, completeness, compactness The fact that any proposition is demonstrable … Read More
