The objects of aesthetics are also approached by certain new disciplines of the human and social sciences, thus enriching the search for new theoretical and methodological approaches. Aesthetic sociology (Two viewers of art, at the Musée d’Orsay. Gustave Courbet: L’Origine … Read More
Computational approach It was to avoid the difficulties of the theory of mind-brain identity that Hilary Putnam and Jerry Fodor proposed and developed, in the 1960s and 1970s, the computational theory of mind (or “computationalism”), to a time when computing … Read More
Criticism of science Paul Feyerabend in his book wanted to show that there is no single description of the scientific method that can be broad and general enough to encompass all the methods and approaches used by scientists. He criticized … Read More
Husserl’s idea of phenomenology Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology is first defined as a transcendental science that seeks to bring to light the universal structures of objectivity. The first objective pursued was to ensure an indubitable foundation for the sciences and for … Read More
There are different forms of democracies, but they are all based on a few fundamental and common principles. These principles can be expressed in various ways. Indeed there are no precise institutions but essential principles which must be formulated in … Read More
In 2018, Christophe Robaglia, professor of biology at the University of Aix-Marseille, criticized the biological argumentation of anti-specism in a column published in the newspaper Le Monde. Anti-speciesism leads, according to Robaglia, to the aporia that the life of any … Read More
Consequentialism has been criticized on several counts. For Moore, in Principia Ethica, consequentialism, or at least classical utilitarianism (which, let us recall, defines the moral good as the maximum of pleasures associated with the minimum of pains), falls into naturalistic … Read More
Teleological argument or the argument from design The teleological argument (physico-theological argument, argument from design, or intelligent design argument) is the argument for the existence of God that is based on discernible evidence of order, intent, design, or direction — … Read More
German Idealism takes from Kant the idea of a “Reason” master of the totality of being (God, world and man), which works to expose the coherence of Nature (or world). This mastery implies the autonomy and self-foundation of Reason vis-à-vis … Read More
One can distinguish during the modern period preceding Kant two antagonistic forms of idealism: a rationalist idealism and an empiricist idealism. The first, oriented towards the concepts of reason, developed essentially between the middle of the 17th century, after René … Read More
Semantics determines the rules for interpreting propositions. Assigning truth values to each of the elementary propositions intervening in a proposition amounts to choosing a model of this proposition. More precisely, if we place ourselves in classical logic, the interpretation of … Read More
(A pair of Van Gogh’s shoes, the subject of Heidegger’s commentary in the text on the origin of the work of art (1935).) Appearing in the 20th century, these are the main movements of contemporary aesthetics. They are part of … Read More
