Gaunilon and Thomas Aquinas opposed, in the Middle Ages, the ontological argument developed by Saint Anselm: it is not because we imagine and design a fortunate island that it necessarily exists, Gaunilon objects in substance. Similarly, it could be objected … Read More
Inability of citizens to govern, ignorance and inexperience of the masses Plato was the first to develop an important analysis and theory aimed at denouncing democracy, in this case the Athenian democracy, in which he lived. His criticism therefore does … Read More
In 2018, Christophe Robaglia, professor of biology at the University of Aix-Marseille, criticized the biological argumentation of anti-specism in a column published in the newspaper Le Monde. Anti-speciesism leads, according to Robaglia, to the aporia that the life of any … Read More
In the old days, many people thought that animals couldn’t feel anything and therefore had no self-interest. Many Cartesians seem to have taken this view, although according to John Cottingham, Descartes himself did not defend such a point of view. … Read More
Criticisms of utilitarianism come from different authors, from various currents of anti-utilitarian thought as well as from various social movements such as environmental movements and alter-globalist movements. Indifference to inequality In its cardinal versions, total or average utilitarianism, utilitarianism does … Read More
