Functioning Figure 3. Isotope exchange plant with water distillation. Source: Magazine, no. 7/2008. Translation and editing Nicolae Sfetcu With the help of the previously prepared sodium sulfide, it was proceeded to the preparation of hydrogen sulfide used in the isotopic … Read More
Generally speaking, removing from previous doctrines everything which gives them their apocalyptic and visionary character, you obtain new doctrines which have a skeptical and discouraged aspect, or which, conversely, expect a lot from human forces and very little from natural … Read More
The middle of the century saw the end of all the hopes, more or less sincere, that were placed in the great philosophical and social constructions. The second period opened which lasted until around 1890. The general theme of thought … Read More
(The Anticitera mechanism, an analog computer built in Antigua to predict astronomical positions and eclipses. Algunas de las ciencias de las primeras civilizaciones fueron la astronomy y las mathematics) The history of science is the study of the evolution of … Read More
From 1800 to the present day, we can distinguish three large, fairly well-defined periods: from 1800 to 1850, an extraordinary flowering of broad and constructive doctrines, which claim to reveal the secret of nature and history and to make known … Read More
Our notion of “intelligent behavior” is strongly biased by our understanding of the brain and how computers work: intelligence is located in our heads. In fact, however, a lot of behavior that looks intelligent can be achieved by very simple … Read More
Now I must add that I consider these changes beneficial. Let us indeed leave ponderable matter behind. What would my situation be with regard to light, and more generally electromagnetic facts, if my dimensions of space and time had remained … Read More
Between the great theological systems of Malebranche, Leibniz, Spinoza, and the massive philosophical architectures of Schelling, Hegel and Comte, the eighteenth century seems to be a moment of relaxation for the synthetic and constructive spirit. It has been variously appreciated: … Read More
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) is not a philosopher: he is a scholar and an apologist for the Catholic religion. A scholar, he is in the tradition of mathematical and experimental physics which led from Galileo to Newton. An apologist, he is … Read More
Book packaging is the activity consisting of a publishing house subcontracting part or all of the tasks of creating a book — such as writing, research, the editing work, and possibly the printing — to an external company, called an … Read More
René Descartes (1596-1650) came from a family of gentlemen from Touraine. His grandfather, Pierre Descartes, had fought in the wars of religion; his father Joachim, who became an advisor to the Parliament of Brittany in 1586, had three children from … Read More
Francis Bacon (1561-1626), son of the keeper of the Great Seal, Nicolas Bacon, was destined by his father for the service of the State; elected to the House of Commons in 1584, appointed by Elizabeth as extraordinary advisor to the … Read More
