While the word genre more frequently refers to a category of texts than to a set of translations or to the translation process itself, it can legitimately be applied in relation to web translation activity, as it can refer both … Read More
Own resources. The European Union and its institutions are essentially funded from own resources, i.e. revenue that the EU receives as of right. These fall into three categories: traditional own resources (customs duties, agricultural duties and sugar levies), a VAT-based … Read More
Seat requirements The CJEU has held that “the requirement that an undertaking create a permanent establishment or branch in the Member State in which the services are provided runs directly counter to the freedom to provide services since it renders … Read More
A survey instrument was developed and disseminated to all known remote gaming operators in the EU, as well as the regulatory authorities in Gibraltar and in Malta. As of mid-February 2006, a total of 19 companies from Malta, Gibraltar, and … Read More
Restrictions on gambling services at national level are at times justified by policy reasons such as the financing of benevolent or public interest activities. Notwithstanding that the systems put in place for this purpose should comply with applicable state aid … Read More
THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL General. The full name of the Official Journal is Official Journal of the European Union and its official abbreviation in references is ‘OJ’. It is published in three series, ‘L’, ‘C’ and ‘S’, each serving different purposes. … Read More
COMMISSION Title. The European Commission (before the Treaty of Lisbon, Commission of the European Communities) is governed by Articles 244 to 250 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Where the context is clear, it may also … Read More
Prohibitions and restrictions Specific prohibitions and restrictions with respect to betting include: – General prohibition of betting on non-sports events (Belgium, France, Luxembourg and Portugal) – Prohibition of bets lodged with bookmakers (Cyprus, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) – Prohibition … Read More
The various legal acts adopted under the Treaties form the European Union’s ‘secondary legislation’. As specified in Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, they comprise chiefly: Regulations Directives Decisions Regulations and decisions are directly … Read More
The table below summarises the positions taken by Member State governments in response to the rising importance of remote gambling. Generally, policies of increasing liberality are featured in the columns further to the right. Countries are mentioned in more than … Read More
THE EUROPEAN UNION The European Union — EU. In geographical terms, the European Union comprises the combined territories of its Member States. Since the Treaty of Lisbon (see 15.15), it now has legal personality in its own right and absorbs … Read More
Prohibitions and restrictions Certain Member States entirely prohibit machine gambling outside casinos (Cyprus, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Portugal and Latvia). A few Member States prohibit the location of gambling machines in particular types of premises (Lithuania, Latvia and the Netherlands (gaming … Read More
