Restrictions on the free movement of gambling services and the freedom of establishment in EU

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Articles 49 and 56 Treaties of the European Union (TFEU) require the abolition of all restrictions on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services – even if those restrictions apply without distinction to national providers of services and to … Read More

An Action Program in EU on the online gambling

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On-line gambling solutions are each in demand and broadly provided all through the EU along with the financial significance with the sector continues to develop. This procedure has so far confirmed to become largely independent in the amount of restrictions … Read More

Music of Africa

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Africa is a continent with a wide range of ethnic, cultural and lingustic diversity. A general description of African Music is not possible as there is no distinctly pan-African music, only shared forms of musical expression. Nevertheless, there are regional … Read More

Games of chance as economic activity covered by the fundamental freedoms rules of the TFEU

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The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled for the first time in its judgment in Schindler that the organisation of all games of chance or gambling (in particular Schindler and Anomar cases) such as lotteries can be … Read More

Fixed-odds gambling – Fractional odds

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Favoured by bookmakers within the UK, fractional odds quote the net total which will be paid out towards the bettor, ought to he win, relative to his stake.    Odds of 4/1 (“four-to-one” or “four-to-one against“) would imply that the … Read More

Jonathan Miller

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What makes literature interesting is that it does not survive its translation. The characters in a novel are made out of the sentences. That’s what their substance is. ~ Jonathan Miller Ceea ce face literatura interesantă este că ea nu … Read More

European Economic Area case-law on games of chance

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Since its land-mark decisions in Schindler (1994) and Gambelli (2003), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or “Court”) has delivered over 20 judgments on games of chance in the area of the free movement of services and … Read More

Bodog

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Industry Intellectual Property Licensing Founded 1994 Founder Calvin Ayre Headquarters London, United Kingdom Key people Calvin Ayre, Founder Products Online gambling, Beverage, Internet, Music Employees 1,000+ Bodog is an online entertainment brand launched in 1994 by Calvin Ayre. Originally the … Read More

Decentralization law declared unconstitutional by Constitutional Court in Romania

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Constitutional Court (CC) decided today the unconstitutionality of the law proposed by Prime-Minister Victor Ponta and assumed by Parliament in November, following referral of Democratic Liberal Party (DLP). “Unanimously, CC admits the objection of unconstitutionality regarding criticism of unconstitutionality intrinsic … Read More

From advertiser to the target audience

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Besides advertisers, agencies and “consumers” of advertising, the various actors involved as pollsters to refine, through market research, the market understanding to validate the product positioning and test the effectiveness of advertising being finalized. The investment are sometimes huge incentive … Read More

Elementary particles

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In particle physics, an elementary particle is a particle of which other, larger particles are composed. For example, atoms are made up of smaller particles known as electrons, protons, and neutrons. The proton and neutron, in turn, are composed of … Read More

Regulatory framework for online gambling in European Union

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A number of Member States prohibit gambling on their territories, except in so far as exceptions are provided by law. This restrictive policy normally aims to safeguard the interests of consumers and to prevent fraud, illegal gaming and problem gambling … Read More

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