When translating a document that lists the Member States in alphabetical order, rearrange the list into English alphabetical order. If the Member States are listed in protocol order, do not change the order. The list of Member States in protocol … Read More
Full name: Republic of Poland. Official language: Polish. Geography Cities Write Warsaw for Warszawa, but use the native forms in all other cases, including Kraków (rather than Cracow). Be aware that German names exist for many towns and cities in … Read More
Own resources. The European Union and its institutions are essentially funded from own resources, i.e. revenue that the EU receives as of right. These fall into three categories: traditional own resources (customs duties, agricultural duties and sugar levies), a VAT-based … Read More
Full name: Kingdom of the Netherlands. Holland is only part of the Netherlands (the provinces North and South Holland). The correct adjective is Dutch: the Dutch Government, the Dutch delegation, Dutch industry, etc., notwithstanding certain proper names such as the … Read More
THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL General. The full name of the Official Journal is Official Journal of the European Union and its official abbreviation in references is ‘OJ’. It is published in three series, ‘L’, ‘C’ and ‘S’, each serving different purposes. … Read More
Full name: Republic of Malta Official language: Maltese. Geography Regions MALTA > MALTA Malta > Malta Ghawdex u Kemmuna > Gozo and Comino Judicial bodies Qorti Ċivili > Civil Court Qorti Ekklesjastika > Ecclesiastical Court Qorti Kostituzzjonali > Constitutional Court … Read More
COMMISSION Title. The European Commission (before the Treaty of Lisbon, Commission of the European Communities) is governed by Articles 244 to 250 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Where the context is clear, it may also … Read More
Full name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Note the spelling, and use it for the capital city as well. Note Luxembourg Government, Luxembourg cuisine, the Luxembourg climate, but when referring to the language use the –ish form: Luxembourgish expressions, Luxembourgish poetry. … Read More
The various legal acts adopted under the Treaties form the European Union’s ‘secondary legislation’. As specified in Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, they comprise chiefly: Regulations Directives Decisions Regulations and decisions are directly … Read More
Full name: Republic of Lithuania. Official language: Lithuanian. Geography Cities Note that Memel (German) is Klaipėda in Lithuanian. Bodies of water and coastal features Use the forms Curonian Lagoon for Kuršių marios and Curonian Spit for Kuršių nerija. Regions LIETUVA … Read More
Full name: Republic of Latvia. Official language: Latvian. Geography Cities Write Riga for Rīga, but leave diacritics on the names of all other urban centres irrespective of size (Liepāja, Rēzekne, Kuldīga, Žīguri, Ļaudona, Ķekava, Alūksne, Zirņi, etc.). Note Daugavpils (not … Read More
THE EUROPEAN UNION The European Union — EU. In geographical terms, the European Union comprises the combined territories of its Member States. Since the Treaty of Lisbon (see 15.15), it now has legal personality in its own right and absorbs … Read More
