Full name: Italian Republic. Official language: Italian. Geography Cities Use the English spellings Florence, Genoa, Milan, Naples, Rome, Turin, Venice. Take care not to use the French spelling of other towns, which may differ only slightly from the Italian. Rivers … Read More
CORRESPONDENCE Translating incoming letters. If a letter is in an editable electronic format, simply overtype the original, though you need not translate irrelevant detail. However, if the letter cannot be overtyped, use a simple layout such as follows: Letter from: … Read More
Full name: Ireland. Ireland is the full name laid down in the Irish Constitution; Éire (the name in Irish) and Republic of Ireland/Irish Republic are incorrect in English. Official languages: English and Irish. Note that Irish became an EU official … Read More
LISTS Use automatic numbering wherever possible, since it is much easier to amend a list if the numbers are automatically adjusted. For the list items themselves, take care that each is a grammatically correct continuation of the introduction to the … Read More
Full name: Republic of Iceland. Official language: Icelandic. Judicial bodies Rannsóknarnefnd (Alþingis) > Special Investigation Commission Sérstaks saksóknari > Special Prosecutor Félagsdómur > Labour Court Héraðsdómur > district court Hæstiréttur > Supreme Court Landsdómur > Court of Impeachment
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Biannual/biennial. ‘Biannual’ means twice a year and ‘biennial’ means every two years, but the terms are often confused. If the meaning is not clear from the context, use alternatives such as ‘twice-yearly’ or ‘two-yearly’ or clarify what … Read More
Full name: Hungary. Official language: Hungarian. Geography Cities Always use the Hungarian names of cities (retaining any accents) when writing in English. Lakes Write Lake Balaton for Balaton. Regions MAGYARORSZÁG > HUNGARY Közép-Magyarország > Central Hungary Dunántúl > Transdanubia Közép-Dunántúl … Read More
FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES IN ENGLISH TEXT Foreign words and phrases used in an English text should be italicised (no inverted commas) and should have the appropriate accents, e.g. inter alia, raison d’être. Exceptions: words and phrases now in common … Read More
ABBREVIATIONS General. The prime consideration when using abbreviations should be to help the reader. First, then, they should be easily understood. So when an abbreviation that may not be familiar to readers first occurs, it is best to write out … Read More
Full name: Federal Republic of Germany. The full name is no longer obligatory in all contexts, as was the case before unification. Official language: German. Geography Cities Use the forms Cologne, Munich and Nuremberg. Otherwise, retain the original spelling, including … Read More
General. In deciding whether to write numbers in words or figures, the first consideration should be consistency within a passage. As a general rule write low numbers (up to nine inclusive) in words and larger numbers (10 and above) in … Read More
Full name: French Republic. The départements d’outre-mer (DOM) are the (French) overseas departments in English. Do not abbreviate. The pays et térritoires d’outre-mer (PTOM) are the overseas countries and territories (OCTs in English). Official language: French. Geography Cities Write Lyon, … Read More
