History and development of spyware

The first recorded use of the term spyware occurred on October 17, 1994 in a Usenet post that poked fun at Microsoft’s business model. Spyware later came to refer to espionage equipment such as tiny cameras. However, in early 2000 … Read More

E-mail spam

posted in: Spam 0

E-mail spam is by far the most common form of spamming on the internet. It involves sending identical or nearly identical unsolicited messages to a large number of recipients. Unlike legitimate commercial e-mail, spam is generally sent without the explicit … Read More

Fidelity vs. transparency in translation

posted in: Translation 1

Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Fidelity (or “faithfulness”) and transparency are two qualities that, for millennia, have been regarded as ideals to be striven for in translation, particularly literary translation. These two ideals are often at odds. Thus a 17th-century French … Read More

Community card poker

About the time of World War II, many modern poker games used community cards (also called “shared cards” or “window cards”), which are cards dealt face up to the center of the table and shared by all players. In these … Read More

Advertising history

Edo period advertising flyer from 1806 for a traditional medicine called Kinseitan In ancient times the most common form of advertising was “word of mouth”. However, commercial messages and election campaign displays were found in the ruins of Pompeii. Egyptians … Read More

Modes of interpreting

posted in: Interpreters 0

Interpretation is rendered in one mode: simultaneous. In simultaneous interpreting (SI), the interpreter immediately speaks the message in the target-language whilst listening to it in the source language. Consecutive interpretation is rendered as ‘short CI’ and ‘long CI’. In short … Read More

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